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Table 4 Four English translations chosen in the study

From: Recreating the image of Chan master Huineng: the roles of MOOD and MODALITY

Translator

Title of translation

Translator’s identity

Publishing year

Publishing agency and place

Wong Mou-lam

Sutra Spoken by the Sixth Patriarch (Wei Lang) on the High Seat of The Gem of Law (Message from the East)

Chinese, layperson

1930

The Pure Karma Buddhist Association, Shanghai

Heng Yin

The Sixth Patriarch's Dharma Jewel Platform Sutra

American, Buddhist

1977 (second edition)

The Buddhist Text Translation Society, San Francisco

Thomas Cleary

The Sutra of Hui-neng, Grand Master of Zen---with Hui-neng’s Commentary on the Diamond Sutra

American, layperson

1998

Shambhala Publications, USA

Cheng Kuan

The Dharmic Treasure Altar-Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch

Chinese, Buddhist

2011 (second edition)

Neo-Carefree Garden Buddhist Canon Translation Institute, Taipei