Putting transitivity to the test: a review of the Sydney and Cardiff models

Table 3 Circumstances in the Hallidayan transitivity system (Halliday and Matthiessen 2014)

Types of circumstances			Probe	Example
Category	Subcategory	Subtype	Probe	Example
Enhancing	Extent	Distance	How far?	over 12,000 miles
		Duration	How long?	for several hours
		Frequency	How many times?	15 times
	Location	Place	Where?	in Tulsa
	Location	Time	When?	in September
	Manner	Means	How? By means of?	by train
		Quality	In what way?	this way
		Comparison	What like?	His hair was cut differently
		Degree	How much?	I like him very much
	Cause	Reason	Why?	because of
		Purpose	What for?	for the purpose of
		Behalf	Who for?	on behalf of
	Contingency	Condition	In which case?	in the event of
		Default	Unless what?	Unless
		Concession	Despite what?	in spite of
Extending	Accompaniment	Comitative	With what/who?	without you
Extending	Accompaniment	Additive	Who/What else?	in addition to
Elaborating	Role	Guise	What as?	as a 13-year-old
Elaborating	Role	Product	What into?	Madonna softened into a more human figure
Projection	Matter		What about?	about his daughter
	Angle	Source	According to who/what?	according to your report
	Angle	Viewpoint	In whose opinion?	in my opinion