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Table 4 Circumstances in the CG transitivity system

From: Putting transitivity to the test: a review of the Sydney and Cardiff models

Type

Subtype

Example

Experiential

Time position

right now

Duration

for several hours

Repetition

15 times

Reduplication

again and again

Periodic Frequency

once a month

Regularly repeated time position

every year

Regularly repeated duration

about an hour each night

Usuality

always

Ordinative

the first time

Inferential time position

still

Circumstances for specific processes

 Action

Body part

(He shoved his finger) into my vagina

Material

(made) out of metal

Physical cause

from internal haemorrhaging

 Mental emotion

Degree

very much

 Relational possessive

Exchange

for £10

Occasion

for lunch

 Relational directional

Direction

north

Distance

for a mile

Process manner

brutally

 Usually appear with an Agent

Manner

very carefully

Method

through conversation

Instrument

by telephone

Role

as a scientist

Intentionality

accidentally

Client

She read her a story

Pleasee

We did the shopping for him

Substituted

instead of her husband

 Others

Place

at the scene

Accompaniment

He was meeting with him

Concurrent state

Feeling uneasy, we turned

Subsequent state

She hung up, feeling much happier

Participant specification

Besides the friends

Substituted situation

instead of bringing one from the 31st

Proportion

What is orthodox today may change with time

Dimension

Over time, these have both adapted

Respect

as for […]